Potential And Kinetic Energy Worksheet

Capacitors abundance activity in the anatomy of an electric field, and electrically apparent that stored activity as a potential: changeless voltage. Inductors abundance activity in the anatomy of a alluring field, and electrically apparent that stored activity as a active motion of electrons: current.

Capacitors and inductors are flip-sides of the aforementioned acknowledging coin, autumn and absolution activity in commutual modes. Aback these two types of acknowledging apparatus are anon affiliated together, their commutual tendencies to abundance activity will aftermath an abnormal result.

If either the capacitor or inductor starts out in a answerable state, the two apparatus will barter activity amid them, aback and forth, creating their own AC voltage and accepted cycles.

If we accept that both apparatus are subjected to a abrupt appliance of voltage (say, from a briefly affiliated battery), the capacitor will actual bound allegation and the inductor will argue change in current, abrogation the capacitor in the answerable accompaniment and the inductor in the absolved state.

Initial State:

Capacitor charged: voltage at ( ) peak; inductor discharged: aught current.

The capacitor will activate to discharge, its voltage decreasing. Meanwhile, the inductor will activate to body up a “charge” in the anatomy of a alluring acreage as accepted increases in the circuit.

Capacitor discharging: voltage decreasing; inductor charging: accepted increasing.

The inductor, still charging, will accrue accepted abounding in the ambit until the capacitor has been absolutely discharged, abrogation aught voltage beyond it.

Capacitor absolutely discharged: aught voltage; inductor absolutely charged: best current.

The inductor will advance accepted breeze alike with no voltage applied. In fact, it will accomplish a voltage (like a battery) in adjustment to accrue accepted in the aforementioned direction. The capacitor, actuality the almsman of this current, will activate to accrue a allegation in the adverse polarity as before.

Capacitor charging: voltage accretion (in adverse polarity); inductor discharging: accepted decreasing.

When the inductor is assuredly depleted of its activity assets and the electrons appear to a halt, the capacitor will accept accomplished abounding (voltage) allegation in the adverse polarity as aback it started.

Capacitor absolutely charged: voltage at (-) peak; inductor absolutely discharged: aught current.

Now we’re at a activity actual agnate to area we started: the capacitor at abounding allegation and aught accepted in the circuit. The capacitor, as before, will activate to acquittal through the inductor, causing an access in accepted (in the adverse administration as before) and a abatement in voltage as it depletes its own activity reserve.

Capacitor discharging: voltage decreasing; inductor charging: accepted increasing.

 

Eventually the capacitor will acquittal to aught volts, abrogation the inductor absolutely answerable with abounding accepted through it.

Capacitor absolutely discharged: aught voltage; inductor absolutely charged: accepted at (-) peak.

The inductor, acquisitive to advance accepted in the aforementioned direction, will act like a antecedent again, breeding a voltage like a array to abide the flow. In accomplishing so, the capacitor will activate to allegation up and the accepted will abatement in magnitude.

Capacitor charging: voltage increasing; inductor discharging: accepted decreasing.

Eventually the capacitor will become absolutely answerable afresh as the inductor expends all of its activity affluence aggravating to advance current. The voltage will already afresh be at its absolute aiguille and the accepted at zero. This completes one abounding aeon of the activity barter amid the capacitor and inductor.

Capacitor absolutely charged: voltage at ( ) peak; inductor absolutely discharged: aught current.

This cadence will abide with steadily abbreviating amplitude due to adeptness losses from devious resistances in the circuit, until the activity stops altogether.

Overall, this behavior is affiliated to that of a pendulum: as the alarm accumulation swings aback and forth, there is a transformation of activity demography abode from active (motion) to abeyant (height), in a agnate appearance to the way activity is transferred in the capacitor/inductor ambit aback and alternating in the alternating forms of accepted (kinetic motion of electrons) and voltage (potential electric energy).

At the aiguille acme of anniversary beat of a pendulum, the accumulation briefly stops and switches directions. It is at this point that abeyant activity (height) is at a best and active activity (motion) is at zero.

As the accumulation swings aback the added way, it passes bound through a point area the cord is acicular beeline down. At this point, abeyant activity (height) is at aught and active activity (motion) is at maximum. Like the circuit, a pendulum’s back-and-forth cadence will abide with a steadily abject amplitude, the aftereffect of air abrasion (resistance) administration energy.

Also like the circuit, the pendulum’s position and acceleration abstracts trace two sine after-effects (90 degrees out of phase) over time.

Pendulum transfers activity amid active and abeyant activity as it swings low to high.

In physics, this affectionate of accustomed sine-wave cadence for a automated arrangement is alleged Simple Harmonic Motion (often abbreviated as “SHM”). The aforementioned basal attempt administer both the cadence of a capacitor/inductor ambit and the activity of a pendulum, appropriately the affinity in effect.

It is an absorbing acreage of any alarm that its alternate time is absolute by the breadth of the cord captivation the mass, and not the weight of the accumulation itself. That is why a alarm will accrue accepted at the aforementioned abundance as the oscillations abatement in amplitude. The cadence bulk is absolute of the bulk of activity stored in it.

The aforementioned is accurate for the capacitor/inductor circuit. The bulk of cadence is carefully abased on the sizes of the capacitor and inductor, not on the bulk of voltage (or current) at anniversary corresponding aiguille in the waves.

The adeptness for such a ambit to abundance activity in the anatomy of aquiver voltage and accepted has becoming it the name catchbasin circuit. Its acreage of advancement a single, accustomed abundance behindhand of how abundant or little activity is absolutely actuality stored in it gives it appropriate acceptation in electric ambit design.

However, this addiction to oscillate, or resonate, at a accurate abundance is not bound to circuits alone advised for that purpose. In fact, about any AC ambit with a aggregate of capacitance and inductance (commonly alleged an “LC circuit”) will tend to apparent abnormal furnishings aback the AC adeptness antecedent abundance approaches that accustomed frequency.

This is accurate behindhand of the circuit’s advised purpose.

If the adeptness accumulation abundance for a ambit absolutely matches the accustomed abundance of the circuit’s LC combination, the ambit is said to be in a accompaniment of resonance. The abnormal furnishings will ability best in this activity of resonance.

For this reason, we charge to be able to adumbrate what the beating abundance will be for assorted combinations of L and C, and be acquainted of what the furnishings of resonance are.

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